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and characteristic • Visibility • Amount of cloud • Type of cloud identified by observer • Height of cloud base • Present and past weather • Duration of sunshine • Short wave solar radiation intensity • State of ground and of concrete slab identified by observer The measurement of almost all the elements on the list

and characteristic • Visibility • Amount of cloud • Type of cloud identified by observer • Height of cloud base • Present and past weather • Duration of sunshine • Short wave solar radiation intensity • State of ground and of concrete slab identified by observer The measurement of almost all

Areas of expertise Boundary layer meteorology and observations, including clouds, fog, and stable boundary layers Designing and running observational campaigns Publications by Jeremy Price Current activities Jeremy works as a Scientific Manager in Observation Based Research, located at their out

front is slow-moving across southern England (the crosses on the front indicate that it is weakening). Despite becoming less active this front retains some of its characteristics. It is likely that significant amounts of cloud will be trapped under the ridge and this could be thick enough to generate

What causes lightning? As warm air rises it cools and condenses forming small droplets of water. If there is enough instability in the air, the updraft of warm air is rapid and the water vapour will quickly form a cumulonimbus cloud. Typically, these cumulonimbus clouds can form in under an hour

at 10m above the ground • Atmospheric pressure at the station level and reduced to mean sea level • Pressure tendency and characteristic • Visibility • Amount of cloud • Type of cloud identified by observer • Height of cloud base • Present and past weather • Duration of sunshine • Short wave solar

) and a sharp or rumbling sound (thunder). Thunderstorms are associated with convective clouds and are most often, but not necessarily, accompanied by precipitation at the ground. Cumulonimbus clouds (Latin: cumulus – heap; nimbus – rainy cloud) Heavy and dense cloud, of considerable vertical extent

current weather or environmental situations - for example, images of cloud-top height, fog coverage or ash clouds from a recent volcanic eruption. The image data can also be processed to form data-sets suitable for climate applications - for example, historical sea-surface temperature analyses

at: www.metoffice.gov.uk/learning/library Introduction A thunderstorm can be described as one or more sudden electrical discharges, manifested by a flash of light (lightning) and a sharp or rumbling sound (thunder). Thunderstorms are associated with convective clouds and are most often, but not necessarily

Areas of expertise Satellite imagery. Radiative transfer. Clouds and radiation.  Publications by Pete Current activities The work of Pete aims to enhance the use of existing and new satellite radiance observations in the weather forecasting process, via the development of value-added products from