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is the current La Niña event, marked by cooler-than-usual sea surface temperatures in the equatorial Pacific Ocean which are generally associated with modified global weather patterns that make many tropical land regions wetter and cooler. These increase plant growth, temporarily increasing the uptake

issued and those that were tended to be for convective rainfall events. There was a wet start for a period in June then overall some short periods of heat reaching a max of 34 degrees. The temperature for the period was +0.6⁰C above the long term average. A persistent challenge especially for the summer

of the key warnings issued. The summer was wetter than average and warmer. There were three significant hot spells with a record maximum temperature recorded on 25 th August. WL noted that the UK’s weather warning service is still internationally recognised as a leading service, however

., 2022) and with these 30 grouped together into 8 patterns (McSweeney & Thornton, 2020). Both approaches find that the weather types compare well with recent observations in the recent climate. Both also project a tendency towards more wet and unsettled conditions over the UK in winter under a high

. But in industries such as transport, renewable energy and food security, people need to look further ahead to what the next season, few years or even decades, could hold. Over the past four years, the Met Office has been coordinating a ground-breaking project to improve climate services in Europe: EUPORIAS. 11

to determine which hazard to prioritise. Hazards may operate on different timescales, such as a seasonal timescale (severe wet season, severe winter, extended heat wave), a monthly timescale (severe wet period, cold, hot period), a weekly timescale (typhoons, hurricanes), a daily timescale

. These are available from their respective websites. The heatwave ‘season’ is defined as 1st June to 15th September; although the arrangements described in this section would equally apply outside of these dates were the requisite high temperatures to occur. Heatwave planning forecast The heatwave planning

for Meteorology UNDRR (United Nations Office for Disaster Risk Reduction United Nations Economic and Social Commission for Western Asia (UNESCWA) United Nations High Commissioner for Refugees (UNHCR) United Nations Office for the Coordination of Humanitarian Affairs (UNOCHA) World Food Programme (WFP) World

and then continually updated through the course of the recovery, which can last for weeks, months or even years. Finally, we need to make our communities and infrastructure more resilient to high impact weather. To do so requires assessment of worst-case scenarios: how bad could it be? The wet winter of 2013

the island can be accessed. “There’s a huge population of puffins on Skerry,” explains James. “We can only visit in autumn once the breeding season is over, and before the winter weather gets too bad.” Skerry is so remote that it can only be reached by helicopter. “Once we’re there we have five