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volcano will erupt in Iceland? The eruptions of Eyjafjallajökull and Grímsvötn in 2010 and 2011 respectively, are unlikely to be considered out of the ordinary in light of the historical record. It could be argued that up until recently, we have been fortunate: for example during the Grímsvötn

into the northwest later in the day. Further southeast, it will be a drier day overall, with sunny spells developing after a cloudy start. Winds will be mostly light in the south, but moderate to strong further north, with the potential for coastal gales in the far northwest. Temperatures will remain warm overnight

the influence of high pressure. The exception however may be northwest Scotland where there is a reasonable chance of further wind and rain. “Christmas Day itself is likely to be settled, often cloudy, and dry with light winds for the majority. Once again, the far north may be windier, with a small chance

. The southeast will start cloudier but should see steady improvement. Later in the afternoon and evening, cloud and outbreaks of rain, initially falling as hill snow in Scotland, will move into Scotland and Northern Ireland. Winds will remain light to moderate, and it will be widely cold. Met Office presenter

and thunderstorms, particularly into the evening. Further areas of rain may also develop in the west later in the day. Temperatures will be around to slightly above average in the north, and very warm and humid in the south, with the southeast potentially turning hot. Winds will be mostly light

autumn. This seasonality is caused by the amount of sunlight reaching the polar regions of the Earth which are virtually dark for 4 months over winter and light throughout the day for much of the summer. During the winter, in the absence of any sunlight, the sea ice insulates the ocean from

- this is the T+ n timestep • Forecast validity time - the time the forecast is valid for, calculated from the forecast reference time + forecast period • Severity value (1 = light, 2 = moderate, 3 = severe) • Vertical height as pressure levels • Polygon unique identifier (order in which polygons are generated

and west with isolated showers in the far north. The night of the 6th/7th was cold in some places with a minimum of 0.9 °C at Tulloch Bridge (Inverness-shire), followed by another warm dry sunny day for most. The 8th and 9th were generally cloudier, with isolated patches of light rain, but it remained

to be added in the right amounts to make the perfect system. • The first ingredient is energy from our Sun. The Sun importantly provides heat and light for the Earth. Hold up small button or a small ball of Blu Tack (this represents the Earth). Tell the group that if the Earth is this big, how big do we

these features. 5.1.1 Method 1 (RA) This is the most basic method and is a simple 12-month running average. At each hour in the time-series calculate the 1-year average of the baseline mass mixing ratios centred on this hour (y mc ). This is the longterm trend component, subtracting this from the actual