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not official and therefore accuracy of readings can be affected by poorly positioned instruments and use of non-standard instruments which may not have been calibrated accurately. There tend to be more diaries for heavily populated areas, such as London with large gaps in rural areas like Wales. In addition

rainfall averages D 0 J F M A M J J A S O N Month 30-year monthly sunshine averages D • Cold temperate - (maritime west coast) Climate averages for London, United Kingdom (51°28’N, 000°19’W) Temperature (°C) 40 30 20 10 0 -10 -20 -30 J F M A M J J A S O N D Month 30-year monthly maximum temperature

., Boffa, J.-M., Williams, T., Amede, T., with Auricht, C., Lott, R. and Mburathi, G. (eds) Farming systems and food security in Africa: Priorities for science and policy under global change. London and New York: Routledge, pp. 3-36 Page 19 of 28 Table 2: Evidence of climate sensitivities for key East

Civil Contingencies Advisor may be deployed to the MoD in London. Elsewhere, the Met Office provides NAME output for military incidents that may have international repercussions, with the Hazard Centre’s role becoming one of support in such circumstances. RIMNET – The Radioactive Incident Monitoring

or a Met Office Civil Contingencies Advisor may be deployed to the MoD in London. Elsewhere, the Met Office provides NAME output for military incidents that may have international repercussions, with the Hazard Centre’s role becoming one of support in such circumstances. RIMNET – The Radioactive Incident

, the Hazard Centre provides a service almost identical to that for civil authorities, namely, an ‘area-at-risk’ map and PACRAM forecasts. For larger incidents, the Duty Forecaster or a Met Office Civil Contingencies Advisor may be deployed to the MoD in London. Elsewhere, the Met Office provides NAME output

, in the Thames Estuary in the UK, which includes London, flooding can occur when high tides coincide with low-pressure weather systems 87 . Areas of low-lying land (floodplains) in the estuary would be at significant risk of flooding if flood defences did not protect them. The Thames Estuary houses critical

, C. E. (2007) “Ensemble climate predictions using climate models and observational constraints.” Philos Trans R Soc London Ser A 365:2029–2052. Stott, P. A., Jones, G. S. (2012) “Observed 21st century temperatures further constrain decadal predictions of future warming.” Atmos. Sci. Lett. doi

to UK economy and society. A recent study shows a headline Benefits Cost Ratio of 19:1 (published estimate, from the Economic Value of the Met Office, by London Economics), by making businesses and individuals resilient to weather and climate-related hazards and minimising disruption. The economic

ground, or in the large-scale vertical motion associated with depressions and fronts. The nature of clouds The classification of clouds is based upon that originated by Luke Howard (1772—1864), a London pharmacist and amateur meteorologist. In 1803 Howard, wrote a book called ‘Essay