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The word monsoon comes from the Arabic word 'mausim' which translates as 'season', which is suggestive of the seasonal nature of the monsoon and its associated rains.

A monsoon climate is characterised by a dramatic seasonal change in direction of the prevailing winds of a region which brings a marked change in rainfall. The monsoon climate results in high annual rainfall totals exceeding 1.5 m (5 ft) in many places. Monsoons lead to distinct wet and dry seasons

drivers of the South Asian climate are the El Niño Southern Oscillation (ENSO) and the Indian Ocean Dipole (IOD). These are irregular coupled atmosphere-ocean oscillations which drive variability in monsoon rainfall from year-to-year. In general, the warm (cool) phase of ENSO results in a drier (wetter

as the continent of Asia heats up low pressure forms, bringing warm, moisture laden winds from the Pacific and Indian Oceans. The summer months are therefore much wetter for large areas of China, and are commonly known as the "monsoon season". The reliability of the seasonal weather across more populated

the forecast data into X (Predictor) and the number of wet days into Y (Predictand) and setup CPT to produce precipitation maps plots for ROC below- and abovenormal number of wet days greater than a daily rainfall threshold of 0 mm or 10 mm, and the probabilistic forecasts for season of choice (OND

. For example, we classify much of the UK under the Cfb category. This means we have a temperate climate (C), with no dry season (f) and a warm summer (b). What is a microclimate? A microclimate is a small area with a different climate to its surroundings. This could be due to nearby landmarks

) Srivastava et al. (2018) WMO (2008) Rajeevan et al. (2008) 2.1.2 Case study: Floods across South Asia region in 2007 The 2007 summer monsoon led to widespread flooding across the South Asia region, the main areas affected are shown in Figure 6. Over the duration of the monsoon season, 2000 people

An assessment of 12 dynamical seasonal prediction systems is conducted, assessing their ability to predict South Asian seasonal precipitation during the two key monsoon seasons; southwest (June to September (JJAS)) and northeast (October to November (OND)). This research has been conducted as part

and September. So, if we already know the “typical” weather in a season – that is, the “climate”, then why do we need a forecast? Well a season’s characteristics naturally vary from one year to another; for example, a mild and wet winter one year may be followed by a cold and dry winter the next

the eastern Caribbean was drier than normal, despite an active tropical cyclone season. The only area that were wetter than normal was the far west of Cuba, where tropical cyclone impacts did occur. Outlook: Below normal rainfall is likely across the Middle East and North Africa during the next 3-6

, for example through including additional variables, such as temperature which has been routinely included in the SASCOF forecast process since 2021. Consideration could also be made for additional key seasons for specific regions in South Asia, such as the peak wet season in Afghanistan and Pakistan during