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down the movement of weather systems and making their paths less predictable. These meanders can lead to prolonged periods of wet or dry weather, depending on where the jet stream is positioned. The jet stream can also intensify weather systems. When it flows over an area of low pressure, it can act

and in the southernmost counties, where almost half the population lives. Wales has an essentially maritime climate, characterised by weather that is o en cloudy, wet and windy but mild. However, the shape of the coastline and the central spine of high ground from Snowdonia southwards to the Brecon Beacons introduce

varieties. Increased risk of harvest failure due to increasing risk from drought and extreme heat each year. Shortening of growing season for key crops (e.g. cereals and vegetables) planted in October/November and harvested between June and August. Off-season crops - typically summer vegetables - planted

to put it into context by casting our minds back to winter; a season traditionally regarded as a recharge period for the UK’s water supplies. UK rainfall over winter was down compared with average, with only 83% of average rainfall being recorded for the UK. This relative shortfall in a key period

and WP-MIP Machine Learning Emulation of Climate Change Projections for Southeast Asia 12:00 Discussion groups 13:00 Group photo 13:05 Lunch + Poster Session 2&3 14:00 Plenary debrief Ron McTaggart- Cowan Chen Chen ECCC CCRS Session 2b: AI/ML models and integration with seamless physical model

and WP-MIP Machine Learning Emulation of Climate Change Projections for Southeast Asia 12:00 Discussion groups 13:00 Group photo 13:05 Lunch + Poster Session 2&3 14:00 Plenary debrief Ron McTaggart- Cowan Chen Chen ECCC CCRS Session 2b: AI/ML models and integration with seamless physical model

and rainfall, with the southerly coastal regions being cooler and wetter and the northern areas being hotter and drier as they get closer to the Sahel. Observations from 1981-2010 show a moderate increasing trend in temperature compared to other regions of the world, but as the region has a narrow climatic

Despite cold weather closing out autumn, it has been a mild season overall, especially across the southern half of the UK.

Wales this was the warmest autumn on record, marginally warmer than 2011 and 2006. Autumn rainfall It has been a wet autumn across the UK, except for western Scotland, with parts of eastern Scotland, north-east and eastern England, southern England and the east of Northern Ireland receiving over 150

to the west creates an environment that is frequently cool, dull and wet. However, the Pennines can cause the cloud to break up downwind, meaning warmer days but cooler nights. If low winter temperatures coincide with high winter precipitation, heavy winter snowfall may occur across Kirklees. Snowfall

experiences more cloudy, wet and windy weather than regions further east. Some upland areas experience harsh weather whilst coastal and lower lying areas enjoy more favourable conditions. Winter mean daily minimum temperatures vary from 0°C in high parts of north and mid-Wales to 3 or 4°C around the coast