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If you are interested in clouds or thunderstorms, UK climate or weather extremes, this series of factsheets clearly describes and illustrates the processes involved.

These factsheets clearly describe and illustrate the processes involved in global weather and climate, providing the most up-to-date answers and information. 1. Clouds The current classification of clouds is based upon those originated by Luke Howard (1772-1864), a London pharmacist and amateur

AS Altostratus ASR Altimeter setting region ATD Arrival Time Difference AUG August AUTO Automated METAR (produced with CAA approval outside normal operational hours) Return to top B BASE Cloud base BCFG Fog patches BECMG Becoming BKN Broken (5 to 7 oktas) BL Blowing BLW Below BR Mist BTN Between

History Version Issue Date Change Description Owner V1 April 2019 New document D Hardy V2 July 2021 Replacement of AIRMET with GAMETs D Hardy V3 May 2022 Removal of EURO Forecast precip rate, Forecast precip type, Forecast vis & Forecast total cloud weather may layers D Hardy © Crown copyright 2021

Document Issue History Version Issue Date Change Description Owner V1 April 2019 New document D Hardy V2 July 2021 Replacement of AIRMET with GAMETs D Hardy V3 May 2022 Removal of EURO Forecast precip rate, Forecast precip type, Forecast vis & Forecast total cloud weather may layers D Hardy © Crown

. Chance of cloud-free hill tops above 800m: 40%, mostly likely in the afternoon. Low Cloud and visibility: Occasional or extensive low cloud, base 300 to 600m, possibly lifting and breaking near or above the summits in the afternoon. Visibility moderate to very poor in cloud and snow, becoming mostly

, particularly over coastal areas and hills where it brings low clouds, drizzle and local hill fog. Judging from the number of isobars the gradient wind does not seem to be an issue but the complexity of the frontal system over the Atlantic indicates that conditions will deteriorate quickly

the air stable, rather than cold and moist. Low cloud and poor visibility may be very persistent under such conditions. • The record breaking temperatures of August 2003 were caused by a tropical continental air mass. Summer Winter Temperature: Very warm or hot Average Humidity: Relatively dry Rather

to the formation of cumulonimbus clouds, towering, dense clouds capable of producing heavy rain, hail, and lightning. Lightning is a massive electrical discharge caused by the separation of positive and negative charges within a storm cloud. As the storm develops, ice particles and hailstones collide

. Breezy conditions will persist, and temperatures will hover near or slightly below seasonal averages. Monday night will see a shift to drier conditions for many, though showers in the north will drift southward, concentrating along North Sea coastal counties. Cloud cover will increase in the far

of the atmosphere model to the surface model, where soil moisture has been shown to affect initiation. Much of the above is based on comparisons between model and observations for surface rainfall. It is possible that updrafts or clouds may compare better to observations and that the issue is related