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Arctic sea ice is a sensitive indicator of climate change and changes to the sea ice cover can have potential implications for the Arctic region and beyond.

and/or observational records, and so cannot take into account changes in feedbacks and processes in the climate system as the ice cover declines. Therefore climate models remain our most robust tool for investigating future change. References Vaughan, D.G., et. al 2013: Observations: Cryosphere

Met Office State of the UK Climate report shows 2016 the 13th warmest year.

, said: “Although 2016 may not be regarded as remarkable for temperature, it does feature within a notable decade for temperature records. The trend towards warmer temperatures is clear, but of course natural variation in our climate will always mean that increases are not always even year on year

region, there is either a National Meteorological Service (NMS) or a National Meteorological and Hydrological Service (NHMS). NMS or NMHSs are responsible for observing the weather and keeping climate records, forecasting the weather at various timescales and for developing and delivering forecast

by the Joint UK DECC/Defra Met Office Hadley Centre Climate Programme (GA01101). 4 Executive Summary Land temperature l 2014 was the warmest year on record for the UK, England, Wales and Scotland in a series from 1910, and for Central England in a series from 1659. l 8 of the 10 warmest years

in developed countries than for countries in the global south. Confidence in climate attribution analysis relies on high quality observational records, climate models’ abilities to simulate a particular type of event, and scientific understanding of how natural variability and climate change may influence

events in that period including an attribution study of the UK’s record-breaking annual temperature in 2022, where human-induced climate change made this event around 160 times more likely.  In December 2023, the Met Office annual global temperature forecast was published. Global average temperature

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The ENACTS initiative is led by the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI).

The ENACTS initiative is implemented by National Meteorological and Hydrological Services and Regional Climate Centres in Africa with the support of the International Research Institute for Climate and Society (IRI) and other partners. It is designed to transform local, national and regional

This page explains how we study extreme weather events, to see if climate change was a cause. These attribution studies help shape our understanding of climate change and its impacts.

effect climate change had on an event. This might include many variables, like temperature and rainfall. An attribution case study: The European heatwave in 2019 In July 2019, we saw record breaking temperatures across the UK and Western Europe. In Cambridge, we saw a temperature of 38.7°C

Climate risk report for the East Africa region

The climate risk report for the East Africa region is part of a series of regional climate risk reports the Met Office has produced in collaboration with ODI and commissioned by FCDO to provide evidence to the UK Government in support of adaptation and resilience planning and investments