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particles, such as sulphate from industrial sulphur dioxide emissions; smoke from burning of agricultural waste, and pollution particles from traffic emissions. These atmospheric particles scatter and absorb sunlight and terrestrial radiation and also act as cloud condensation nuclei and modify

from fog persisting on some eastern coasts, with 15.8 hours of sunshine at Whitby (North Yorkshire). Most places started fine on the 2nd, but showers spread from the south-west, initially with isolated thunderstorms, reaching central and northwestern parts by early evening, while low cloud off

variable cloud and a scattering of showers following.    Temperatures throughout the day will be around average or slightly higher than average in places with highs of 19°C, although cooler in the Southeast with the focus of higher temperatures further North and West.    Wednesday evening will see

This weekend’s weather offers a mix of autumnal cloud, sunshine, and chilly nights.

Saturday will begin on a cloudy note for much of the country, with the most persistent cloud and outbreaks of rain or drizzle affecting northern and north-western parts of Scotland. Breezy conditions will accompany the rain here, making for a rather damp and unsettled start. Across southern areas

in some locations. Parts of Scotland and Northern Ireland may also see highs exceeding 30°C. The hot weather continues into the weekend, here's the expected maximum temperatures 🌡️ East coasts will be cooler with the breeze and some low cloud pic.twitter.com/Fq2GmgFYZm — Met Office (@metoffice) July

Tuesday will begin on a notably chilly note, particularly across northern and western regions. However, conditions will improve through the morning, with many areas enjoying a dry day accompanied by sunny spells. Some cloud may build during the afternoon, especially in central and eastern areas

Tuesday begins with areas of cloud and showery rain, some locally thundery, affecting central and southern regions. These outbreaks will gradually move north-eastwards, allowing increasing amounts of hot sunshine to develop across much of England and Wales by the afternoon. Scotland and Northern

is cloud free and surface features such as coastlines, the snow-covered Alps and variations in the Northern Sahara desert surface are clearly visible. Geostationary satellites orbit at around 36,000 km above the Earth's surface and have an orbital period of one day, meaning they remain at a fixed

The representation of solar and infra-red radiation, and its interaction with clouds in our numerical models.

Various radiative processes occur in the atmosphere: gases, aerosols, cloud droplets and ice crystals absorb radiation and emit thermal radiation. Aerosols, cloud particles and air molecules scatter radiation. The surface absorbs, reflects and emits radiation. The radiative properties

Areas of expertise Model Evaluation Seamless modelling approach Understanding cloud processes Process-orientated metrics of model performance Publications by Keith Williams Current activities Keith heads the Atmospheric Processes and Parametrizations group. The group is responsible