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, particularly between day and night. The boundary layer depth is simply the current thickness of this layer. Fraction of horizontal grid square occupied by cloud below 1000 feet above sea level. Time steps J kg-1 0.1 [None] Hourly (1h-126h) J kg-1 0.1 [None] Hourly (1h-126h) J kg-1 0.1 [None] Hourly (1h

to the seasonal average. We've got a change in type this week with high pressure dominating ⛅ Here's the latest on the week ahead 👇 pic.twitter.com/LIKwKshdrT — Met Office (@metoffice) September 21, 2025 As we move into Wednesday night, clear spells will persist for many, with some residual cloud lingering

Areas of expertise Model Evaluation Seamless modelling approach Understanding cloud processes Process-orientated metrics of model performance Publications by Keith Williams Current activities Keith heads the Atmospheric Processes and Parametrizations group. The group is responsible

The representation of solar and infra-red radiation, and its interaction with clouds in our numerical models.

Various radiative processes occur in the atmosphere: gases, aerosols, cloud droplets and ice crystals absorb radiation and emit thermal radiation. Aerosols, cloud particles and air molecules scatter radiation. The surface absorbs, reflects and emits radiation. The radiative properties

, and higher summit snow at first, this most prevalent west of the A9 in the morning. Generally drier in the afternoon. Widespread rain will quickly spread east in the evening, turning to snow on the very highest tops as it clears. Chance of cloud-free hill tops above 800m: 40%, best chance east

ranges by late morning. Mainly dry in the afternoon but still a few showers in the west. Persistent and heavy rain will reach Skye by late afternoon and sweep eastwards through the evening. Drier from late evening with wintry showers following on behind. Chance of cloud-free hill tops above 800m: 10

with occasional rain, and higher summit snow at first, this most prevalent across the Perthshire hills. the morning. Generally drier in the afternoon. Widespread rain will quickly spread east in the evening, turning to snow on the very highest tops as it clears. Chance of cloud-free hill tops above 800m: 40

Tuesday begins with areas of cloud and showery rain, some locally thundery, affecting central and southern regions. These outbreaks will gradually move north-eastwards, allowing increasing amounts of hot sunshine to develop across much of England and Wales by the afternoon. Scotland and Northern

Tuesday will begin largely dry and bright across northwestern areas, with settled conditions prevailing. A band of cloud and scattered showers will stretch from the southwest approaches through Wales to southeastern Scotland and northeastern England. This band is expected to fragment through

on the 2nd, but showers became more frequent in the north-east from early afternoon. Cloud, mist and fog with light rain spread across the south and parts of the Midlands on the 3rd, with sunshine and showers in the north, the showers turning thundery over the Pennines at times. High pressure then built