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Improving our understanding of the role of the oceans and the cryosphere (ice) in the climate system.

Changes in sea ice and land ice have important climate feedbacks, through albedo and ocean circulation. The melt of land ice results in sea level rise. Sea ice cover seasonally insulates the atmosphere from the ocean preventing the exchange of heat and gases. The formation of sea ice during winter

Climate impacts research investigates the impacts of climate change and variability on Earth and human systems including water resources, agriculture, ecosystems, health and energy.

A key activity is the development and application of impacts models that simulate a number of terrestrial processes interactively. Using the output from these models, in addition to more complex Earth System Models, we can address the increasing requirements for more detailed climate impact information necessary to underpin both adaptation planning and mitigation advice.

Providing advice on the impact of climate variability and change for security.

Climate science has made huge progress in understanding the dynamics of climate variability and change over the last few decades, with climate models being a valuable tool for understanding the future climate. However, there remains a gap between the type of information climate projections provide

The Hunger and Climate Vulnerability Index aims to paint a regional picture of how much climate change may affect life across the planet

Experts from the World Food Programme (WFP) have worked closely with our climate scientists to devise a measurement of vulnerability to climate change. Taking its definition from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 'vulnerability' describes the relative degrees of climate stress

Analysing climate change and its impacts in the urban environment.

Urbanisation results in significant modification of local climates, the most apparent expression of this being the urban heat island. The global urban population now exceeds the rural population, and the urban population may exceed six billion by the 2050s. Therefore, society and our urban

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Description of research and applications of the impacts of climate variability on monthly to seasonal timescales.

Predictions and climate model output often refer to large-scale phenomena (e.g. ENSO, NAO) or give information on large-area averages. The variables for which predictions are made are most often meteorological (e.g. temperature, rainfall). Users' needs are typically related to their economic

Developing observational data; monitoring and interpreting climate variations and change.

Climate information and statistics, based on many types of surface, atmospheric and marine measurements, are produced on national to global scales. Climate models are used to attribute causes of past climate change that are seen within the observations. The datasets produced by our scientists are also used by other science areas. Scientific users throughout the world access the data and statistics via the HadObs website.

As part of the UK Climate Resilience (UKCR) programme, the Met Office has compiled an approach for upscaling climate services. This page introduces climate services providers to this resource.

this means for climate services. We have reviewed existing upscaling literature and resources, and adapted themes and concepts from them to produce an upscaling approach for climate services. We have tested this in three case studies with different services and service providers. A toolkit, to aid

Developing models and techniques to produce regional climate information for climate change impacts and adaptation assessments.

The primary tool used in this work is the regional climate model, a higher resolution limited area version of a global atmospheric model. It simulates high-resolution climate skilfully through its improved resolution of a regional physiography and atmospheric motions. Work is undertaken to assess