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Climate Risk Reports

Human activities have unequivocally caused global warming, and this is affecting weather and climate extremes in every region of the world, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable (IPCC AR6 SYR A1, A2). Action to adapt and prevent climate change cannot wait. Improved understanding

Climate modelling at the Met Office

As faster supercomputers with more processing power are developed, harnessing this power and speed for the benefit of improving climate projections is the dream of climate scientists. The reality is there will never be enough speed or capability to infinitely improve climate models in all aspects

Quantifying and reducing uncertainty in climate change, through understanding and improving the representation of key processes.

This area of research involves the design, building, evaluation and improvement of climate models informed by knowledge of the mechanisms of past, present and future climates. The scientific focus is on gaining understanding and improving the representation of key processes that are critical for climate variability and change on global and regional scales. Related pages Climate change scientists  

Understanding and quantifying the most important feedback processes operating in the climate system.

An important aspect of this work is to use both models and observations to try to establish links between physical processes operating in past, present and future climates. This involves the development and refinement of diagnostics and metrics for assessing model performance, and for isolating

This page displays airfield climate statistics for 48 UK airports including occurrences of Low Visibility Procedures, temperature, low cloud base, significant weather, visibility and wind.

from 1990 to 2021 has been used to allow comparison to the most recent climatological reference period (Charting the UK;s changing climate - Met Office). Where this full period is not available, the maximum range is used using data from METARs recorded at each airfield. The number of observations

Description of research and applications of the impacts of climate variability on monthly to seasonal timescales.

Predictions and climate model output often refer to large-scale phenomena (e.g. ENSO, NAO) or give information on large-area averages. The variables for which predictions are made are most often meteorological (e.g. temperature, rainfall). Users' needs are typically related to their economic

Our research into climate variability and predictability is aimed at improving the skill of the Met Office monthly to decadal forecasts.

Some physical processes that affect the climate system, such as El Niño and the global oceanic circulation, provide potential sources of climate predictability from a month to decades ahead. Our work involves the study of these processes in order to improve their representation in our prediction

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have demonstrated potential for their application in weather forecasting, the crossovers with climate science suggests that similar progress is possible in climate modelling.

Climate models are numerical representations of the Earth system (including components such as the atmosphere, ocean and land) that are used to explore long-term changes to the underlying statistical distributions that govern day-to-day weather. Developments in climate models have typically come

What is the Seasonal Climate Outlook? Following the El Nino event in 2015, the Met Office worked with the UK Government’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and the University of Reading to design a new service which would provide insights into the upcoming season and enable more

August 2018 - A new study suggests climate sensitivity may be larger and more uncertain than previously thought.

, because if the past warming trend is different to what we might expect in the future, then climate sensitivity, estimated from the observed historical record, may not apply to the future. A new study, led by Dr Timothy Andrews of the Met Office Hadley Centre, along with an international team