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in Arctic sea ice and a rise in global sea level. These changes are consistent with our understanding of how the climate system responds to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases. Global mean surface temperatures remain high, with the last decade being the warmest on record. © Crown copyright 2013 3

• Institutionalisation address them • The innovation is tested and improved in collaboration with stakeholder groups requested climate service of the new normal is lobbied for, making it part of legal or climate services frameworks, for example Record any notes related to these additional

Climate science will need to continue to be at the heart of policy to mitigate and adapt to climate change, says the Met Office as it announces a new scientific programme.

With the UK hosting the COP26 climate conference in Glasgow at the end of the year, the Met Office is launching a new climate science programme to address some of the key scientific challenges to inform the international climate gathering and beyond. Albert Klein Tank is the director of the Met

A link to view monthly regional climate anomalies

Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have demonstrated potential for their application in weather forecasting, the crossovers with climate science suggests that similar progress is possible in climate modelling.

Climate models are numerical representations of the Earth system (including components such as the atmosphere, ocean and land) that are used to explore long-term changes to the underlying statistical distributions that govern day-to-day weather. Developments in climate models have typically come

the day-time maximum. In either situation this makes a comparison with the daily records invalid. We do not quote highest/lowest maximum/minimum day-time and night-time records separately. The main reason is that manual climate stations only report daily 0900-0900 UTC maximum and minimum temps

Understanding and quantifying the most important feedback processes operating in the climate system.

An important aspect of this work is to use both models and observations to try to establish links between physical processes operating in past, present and future climates. This involves the development and refinement of diagnostics and metrics for assessing model performance, and for isolating

Developing models and techniques to produce regional climate information for climate change impacts and adaptation assessments.

The primary tool used in this work is the regional climate model, a higher resolution limited area version of a global atmospheric model. It simulates high-resolution climate skilfully through its improved resolution of a regional physiography and atmospheric motions. Work is undertaken to assess

Our research into climate variability and predictability is aimed at improving the skill of the Met Office monthly to decadal forecasts.

Some physical processes that affect the climate system, such as El Niño and the global oceanic circulation, provide potential sources of climate predictability from a month to decades ahead. Our work involves the study of these processes in order to improve their representation in our prediction

Quantifying and reducing uncertainty in climate change, through understanding and improving the representation of key processes.

This area of research involves the design, building, evaluation and improvement of climate models informed by knowledge of the mechanisms of past, present and future climates. The scientific focus is on gaining understanding and improving the representation of key processes that are critical for climate variability and change on global and regional scales. Related pages Climate change scientists