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World Meteorological Organization report reveals the state of the climate in 2020.

The State of the Global Climate 2020 highlights the latest indicators of the climate system, including greenhouse gas concentrations, increasing land and ocean temperatures, sea level rise, melting ice and glacier retreat and extreme weather. The WMO report, which included contributions from

Executive Summary • 2025 was the warmest year on record for the UK with an annual mean temperature of 10.09°C replacing 2022 (10.03°C) as the hottest year on record. • In the current climate, UK annual mean temperatures exceeding those observed in 2025 are expected to occur with a best-estimate return time

/datasets/archive-datasets/reanalysis-datasets/era-interim). It provides a comprehensive synthetic historical record of climate and is produced using observations and numerical models. www.metoffice.gov.uk Pg 6 of 8 Source: Met Office © Crown Copyright 2019 What do you need to be aware of? Whilst

), setting a new UK and England temperature record by a margin of 1.6°C, and multiple stations across England also exceeded 40°C. This heatwave marked a milestone in UK climate history, with 40°C being recorded for the first time in the UK. The extent of the heatwave was remarkable with temperatures of 39°C

in Arctic sea ice and a rise in global sea level. These changes are consistent with our understanding of how the climate system responds to increasing atmospheric greenhouse gases. Global mean surface temperatures remain high, with the last decade being the warmest on record. © Crown copyright 2013 3

Climate science will need to continue to be at the heart of policy to mitigate and adapt to climate change, says the Met Office as it announces a new scientific programme.

With the UK hosting the COP26 climate conference in Glasgow at the end of the year, the Met Office is launching a new climate science programme to address some of the key scientific challenges to inform the international climate gathering and beyond. Albert Klein Tank is the director of the Met

• Institutionalisation address them • The innovation is tested and improved in collaboration with stakeholder groups requested climate service of the new normal is lobbied for, making it part of legal or climate services frameworks, for example Record any notes related to these additional

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Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have demonstrated potential for their application in weather forecasting, the crossovers with climate science suggests that similar progress is possible in climate modelling.

Climate models are numerical representations of the Earth system (including components such as the atmosphere, ocean and land) that are used to explore long-term changes to the underlying statistical distributions that govern day-to-day weather. Developments in climate models have typically come