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• Climate sensitivity and feedbacks

  Understanding and quantifying the most important feedback processes operating in the climate system.

  An important aspect of this work is to use both models and observations to try to establish links between physical processes operating in past, present and future climates. This involves the development and refinement of diagnostics and metrics for assessing model performance, and for isolating

• Climate, cryosphere and oceans

  Improving our understanding of the role of the oceans and the cryosphere (ice) in the climate system.

  Changes in sea ice and land ice have important climate feedbacks, through albedo and ocean circulation. The melt of land ice results in sea level rise. Sea ice cover seasonally insulates the atmosphere from the ocean preventing the exchange of heat and gases. The formation of sea ice during winter

• Impacts of climate variability

  Description of research and applications of the impacts of climate variability on monthly to seasonal timescales.

  Predictions and climate model output often refer to large-scale phenomena (e.g. ENSO, NAO) or give information on large-area averages. The variables for which predictions are made are most often meteorological (e.g. temperature, rainfall). Users' needs are typically related to their economic

• Upscaling Climate Services

  As part of the UK Climate Resilience (UKCR) programme, the Met Office has compiled an approach for upscaling climate services. This page introduces climate services providers to this resource.

  this means for climate services. We have reviewed existing upscaling literature and resources, and adapted themes and concepts from them to produce an upscaling approach for climate services. We have tested this in three case studies with different services and service providers. A toolkit, to aid

• Climate Risk Reports

  Climate Risk Reports

  Human activities have unequivocally caused global warming, and this is affecting weather and climate extremes in every region of the world, disproportionately affecting the most vulnerable (IPCC AR6 SYR A1, A2). Action to adapt and prevent climate change cannot wait. Improved understanding

• Linking hunger and climate

  The Hunger and Climate Vulnerability Index aims to paint a regional picture of how much climate change may affect life across the planet

  Experts from the World Food Programme (WFP) have worked closely with our climate scientists to devise a measurement of vulnerability to climate change. Taking its definition from the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change (IPCC), 'vulnerability' describes the relative degrees of climate stress

• Seasonal Climate Outlooks

  What is the Seasonal Climate Outlook? Following the El Nino event in 2015, the Met Office worked with the UK Government’s Foreign, Commonwealth and Development Office (FCDO) and the University of Reading to design a new service which would provide insights into the upcoming season and enable more

• Understanding climate change

  Quantifying and reducing uncertainty in climate change, through understanding and improving the representation of key processes.

  This area of research involves the design, building, evaluation and improvement of climate models informed by knowledge of the mechanisms of past, present and future climates. The scientific focus is on gaining understanding and improving the representation of key processes that are critical for climate variability and change on global and regional scales. Related pages Climate change scientists  

• AI in climate science

  Artificial intelligence (AI) and machine learning (ML) have demonstrated potential for their application in weather forecasting, the crossovers with climate science suggests that similar progress is possible in climate modelling.

  Climate models are numerical representations of the Earth system (including components such as the atmosphere, ocean and land) that are used to explore long-term changes to the underlying statistical distributions that govern day-to-day weather. Developments in climate models have typically come

• Weather and Climate summaries

  Timing of summaries and statistics Those interested in climate change and predictions of future climates should also visit the Climate Change pages. UK last month September 2026 September was an unsettled month for the UK with periods of wet and windy weather. However, temperatures were