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Steven leads the Cloud and Aerosol research group within Observation Based Research. The group undertakes ground and airborne field experiments to improve the representation of cloud and aerosol physical processes in our models.

Areas of expertise Aircraft scientific instrumentation Analysis of cloud and aerosol observations Airborne field campaigns My Publications Current activities Steven is currently researching processes in mixed-phase cloud systems (those containing both ice and supercooled liquid water). He has

Lightning is a huge electrical discharge that flows between clouds, from a cloud to air, or from a cloud to the ground.

How does lightning form? As tiny water droplets form inside a storm cloud, they are propelled towards the top of the cloud by strong internal winds (updraughts) where they turn to ice. Some of the pieces of ice grow into hail, but others remain very small. Some of the hail that forms becomes too

Areas of expertise Cloud microphysical and dynamical measurements; Cloud-scale modelling; Airborne field campaigns. Publications by Phil email: [email protected] Current activities Phil is Chair of the Executive Board of EUFAR, an international association that links a number of European member

has the dominant weighting. The UK Atmospheric Hi-Res model is part of the Met Office flagship numerical weather prediction (NWP) model called the Unified Model. The resolution of the Nowcasting is comparable to radar data. The weather variables available include: • Cloud; • Snow; • Visibility

Yoko works to quantify and reduce uncertainty in climate change, through understanding and improving the representation of cloud-radiative processes.

Areas of expertise Clouds, radiation budget, and feedbacks in satellite observations, GCMs, and cloud resolving models Development of metrics to assess GCM cloud radiative fields and feedbacks Radiative feedback in the seasonal cycle Modelling of cloud radiative effects Current activities Cloud

of rain, lets first understand how it forms in the first place. There has always been the same amount of water on the earth, but the amount floating around in the air as water vapour or clouds depends on how warm it is. Warmer air holds more water while colder air holds less. This is an important

the criteria for issuing a change group in a TAF, and what this means in practice for the range of values that the forecast wind, visibility, cloud, and weather convey. Wind direction TAF change rule: a change of… What it means, in practice… 30 degrees or more in mean direction, the mean speed before or after

) • Wool jumper • Dark room • Internet Making lightning | DIY Activity Activity Steps 01 What is lightning and what causes it? Lightning is a huge electrical discharge that flows between clouds, from a cloud to air, or from a cloud to the ground. As many water droplets form inside a storm cloud

Our bespoke weather services to the water industry address changes in demand, impacts on water quality in the purification process and bursts on distribution.

Kalli works on cloud microphysics, with a particular interest in mixed-phase and ice clouds.

Areas of expertise Cloud microphysics High resolution modelling Current activities Kalli works in the cloud scale modelling group that is part of Atmospheric Processes and Parametrizations. The cloud scale modelling group focuses on process studies of cloud microphysics. This work is used