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2023 in the legend. After the front moved through during the evening and overnight 18 to 19 October, the main rainfall event occurred during the 20th as heavy extensive rain spread back across England and Wales, this including some heavier bursts. The maps below show daily rainfall totals for each day

around 30 to 31 December. Transport disruption continued with flooded railways and fallen trees blocking roads in Wales, while Dumfries and Galloway experienced severe flooding as the River Nith burst its banks. Flooding impacts continued into the New Year period, and in early January included large

Can Machine Learning determine the CAUSATIVE effects of aerosol on clouds? Daniel Grosvenor 1,2 , Lukas Zipfel 3 , Jan Cermak 3 , Jane Mulcahy 1 . 1. The Met Office, 2. University of Leeds (CEMAC), 3. Karlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT). www.metoffice.gov.uk © Crown Copyright 2023, Met Office

Towards a seamless cloud fraction scheme for Unified Physics Paul Barrett, Frankie Cottrell, Cyril Morcrette Seamless Modelling Workshop Bristol, June 2025 www.metoffice.gov.uk © Crown Copyright 2023, Met Office Cloud Fraction Schemes Cloud formation Clouds form when local water vapour content

Towards a seamless cloud fraction scheme for Unified Physics Paul Barrett, Frankie Cottrell, Mike Whitall, Cyril Morcrette Seamless Modelling Workshop Bristol, June 2025 www.metoffice.gov.uk © Crown Copyright 2023, Met Office Cloud Fraction Schemes Cloud formation Clouds form when local water

Adrian works on cloud microphysics and aerosol-cloud interactions.

Current activities Adrian is a scientist working on cloud microphysics and aerosol-cloud interactions in the cloud-scale modelling group. Adrian uses the Met Office Large Eddy Model in conjunction with a 1-D framework, KiD and a parcel model, to simulate a variety of cloud regimes and investigate

guidance may be helpful: a. The meteorological conditions are listed in a specific order. In the weather section, the best visibility is given first. Any mountain wave activity would come towards the bottom, followed by turbulence information, and finally hill fog. b. Cloud information is given

Scotland. Anticyclones normally bring settled weather, however the seasons and origin of the airmass often result in differences in cloud cover. For example, whilst we associate high pressure as bringing fine sunny weather to the UK during the summer, the same high pressure can lead to extensive

Thunder is one of nature’s most dramatic sounds, accompanying brilliant flashes of lightning during a storm. But what causes this rumbling roar in the sky? To understand thunder, we must first explore the processes that lead to its formation—starting with the clouds that produce it. The role

Steven leads the Cloud and Aerosol research group within Observation Based Research. The group undertakes ground and airborne field experiments to improve the representation of cloud and aerosol physical processes in our models.

Areas of expertise Aircraft scientific instrumentation Analysis of cloud and aerosol observations Airborne field campaigns My Publications Current activities Steven is currently researching processes in mixed-phase cloud systems (those containing both ice and supercooled liquid water). He has