State of the Climate Figures
IPCC Figures
| Met Office Hadley Centre observations datasets |
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All figures have been created using HadISDH.blend.1.3.0.2021f, HadISDH.land.4.4.0.2021f and HadISDH.marine.1.3.0.2021f. Please acknowledge use of this material
using the following reference:
Willett, K. M., Lavers, D. A., Bosilovich, M. & Simmons, A. J., 2022: Surface Humidity [in .State of the Climate in 2021.].
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., xx, Sx-Sx.
Open Access pdf
All figures have been created using HadISDH.landq.3.0.0.2016p. Please acknowledge use of this material
using the following reference:
Willett, K. M., Berry, D.I. & Simmons, A., 2017: Surface Humidity [in .State of the Climate in 2016.].
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 98, S23-S24.
Open Access pdf
All figures have been created using HadISDH.landq.2.1.0.2015p. Please acknowledge use of this material
using the following reference:
Willett, K. M., Berry, D.I. & Simmons, A., 2016: Surface Humidity [in .State of the Climate in 2015.].
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 97, S24-S25.
Open Access pdf
All figures have been created using HadISDH.landq.2.0.1.2014p. Please acknowledge use of this material
using the following reference:
Willett, K. M., Berry, D.I. & Simmons, A., 2015: Surface Humidity [in .State of the Climate in 2014.].
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 96, S20-S21.
Open Access pdf
All figures have been created using HadISDH.landq.2.0.0.2013p. Please acknowledge use of this material
using the following reference:
Willett, K. M., Berry, D.I. & Simmons, A., 2014: Surface Humidity [in .State of the Climate in 2013.].
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 95, S19-S20.
Open Access pdf
All figures have been created using HadISDH.landq.1.0.0.2012p. Please acknowledge use of this material
using the following reference:
Willett, K. M., Berry, D.I. & Simmons, A., 2013: Surface Humidity [in .State of the Climate in 2012.].
Bull. Amer. Meteor. Soc., 94 (8), S18-S19.
Open Access pdf
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State of the Climate Figures
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| 2016 | Fig. 2.15. Global average surface humidity annual anomalies (1979-2003 base period). For the in situ datasets 2-m surface humidity is used over land and ~10-m over the oceans. For the reanalyses 2-m humidity is used over the whole globe. For ERA-Interim ocean series only points over open sea are selected and background forecast values are used as opposed to analysis values because of unreliable use of ship data in producing the analysis. All data have been adjusted to have a mean of zero over the common period 1979-2003 to allow direct comparison, with HOAPS given a zero mean over the 1988-2003 period. ERA values over land are from ERA-40 prior to 1979 and ERA-Interim thereafter. (Sources: HadISDH (Willett et al. 2014, manuscript submitted to Climate Past); HadCRUH (Willett et al. 2008); Dai (Dai 2006); HadCRUHext (Simmons et al. 2010); NOCSv2.0 (Berry and Kent 2009, 2011); and reanalyses as described in Fig. 2.1. Data provided by authors, A. Dai, M. Bosilovich, and S. Kobayashi.) | HUM_timeseries_ALL2016.png | |
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| 2016 | 2016 specific humidity anomaly map of HadISDH Plate 2.1l | HUMq_anomalymap_NOCSHADISDH2016.png | |
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| 2016 | 2016 relative humidity anomaly map of HadISDH Online Fig. S2.14 | HUMrh_anomalymap_HADISDH2016.png | |
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| 2015 | Fig. 2.15. Global average surface humidity annual anomalies (1979-2003 base period). For the in situ datasets 2-m surface humidity is used over land and ~10-m over the oceans. For the reanalyses 2-m humidity is used over the whole globe. For ERA-Interim ocean series only points over open sea are selected and background forecast values are used as opposed to analysis values because of unreliable use of ship data in producing the analysis. All data have been adjusted to have a mean of zero over the common period 1979-2003 to allow direct comparison, with HOAPS given a zero mean over the 1988-2003 period. ERA values over land are from ERA-40 prior to 1979 and ERA-Interim thereafter. (Sources: HadISDH (Willett et al. 2014, manuscript submitted to Climate Past); HadCRUH (Willett et al. 2008); Dai (Dai 2006); HadCRUHext (Simmons et al. 2010); NOCSv2.0 (Berry and Kent 2009, 2011); and reanalyses as described in Fig. 2.1. Data provided by authors, A. Dai, M. Bosilovich, and S. Kobayashi.) | HUM_timeseries_ALL2015.png | |
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| 2015 | 2015 specific humidity anomaly map blending HadISDH with NOCS2.0 Plate 2.1k | HUMq_anomalymap_NOCSHADISDH2015.png | |
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| 2015 | 2015 relative humidity anomaly map of HadISDH Online Fig. S2.12 | HUMrh_anomalymap_HADISDH2015.png | |
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| 2014 | Fig. 2.12. Global average surface humidity annual anomalies (1979-2003 base period). For the in situ datasets 2-m surface humidity is used over land and ~10-m over the oceans. For the reanalyses 2-m humidity is used over the whole globe. For ERA-Interim ocean series only points over open sea are selected and background forecast values are used as opposed to analysis values because of unreliable use of ship data in producing the analysis. All data have been adjusted to have a mean of zero over the common period 1979-2003 to allow direct comparison, with HOAPS given a zero mean over the 1988-2003 period. ERA values over land are from ERA-40 prior to 1979 and ERA-Interim thereafter. (Sources: HadISDH (Willett et al. 2014, manuscript submitted to Climate Past); HadCRUH (Willett et al. 2008); Dai (Dai 2006); HadCRUHext (Simmons et al. 2010); NOCSv2.0 (Berry and Kent 2009, 2011); and reanalyses as described in Fig. 2.1. Data provided by authors, A. Dai, M. Bosilovich, and S. Kobayashi.) | HUM_timeseries_ALL2014.png | |
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| 2014 | 2014 specific humidity anomaly map blending HadISDH with NOCS2.0 Plate 2.1j | HUMq_anomalymap_NOCSHADISDH2014.png | |
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| 2014 | 2014 relative humidity anomaly map of HadISDH Plate 2.1k | HUMrh_anomalymap_HADISDH2014.png | |
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| 2013 | Fig. 2.12. Global average surface humidity annual anomalies (1979-2003 base period). For the in situ datasets 2-m surface humidity is used over land and ~10-m over the oceans. For the reanalyses 2-m humidity is used over the whole globe. For ERA-Interim ocean series only points over open sea are selected and background forecast values are used as opposed to analysis values because of unreliable use of ship data in producing the analysis. All data have been adjusted to have a mean of zero over the common period 1979-2003 to allow direct comparison, with HOAPS given a zero mean over the 1988-2003 period. ERA values over land are from ERA-40 prior to 1979 and ERA-Interim thereafter. (Sources: HadISDH (Willett et al. 2014, manuscript submitted to Climate Past); HadCRUH (Willett et al. 2008); Dai (Dai 2006); HadCRUHext (Simmons et al. 2010); NOCSv2.0 (Berry and Kent 2009, 2011); and reanalyses as described in Fig. 2.1. Data provided by authors, A. Dai, M. Bosilovich, and Y. Harada.) | HUM_timeseries_ALL2013.png | |
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| 2013 | 2013 specific humidity anomaly map blending HadISDH with NOCS2.0 | HUMq_anomalymap_NOCSHADISDH2013.png | |
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| 2013 | 2013 relative humidity anomaly map of HadISDH | HUMrh_anomalymap_HADISDH2013.png | |
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| 2012 | Fig. 2.10. Global average surface humidity annual anomalies (1979-2003 base period). For the in situ datasets, 2-m surface humidity is used over land ~10-m over the oceans. For the reanalyses, 2-m humidity is used over the whole globe. For ERA-Interim only, points over open sea are evaluated and background forecast values are used as opposed to analysis values because of unreliable use of ship data in producing the analysis. HadCRUH and HadCRUHext use the 1974\u20132003 base period. Dai uses the 1976-2003 base period. All reanalyses products use the 1981-2010 base period. NOCS 2.0 uses a 1979-2003 base period. HOAPS have been calculated using a 1988-2008 base period. All data have been adjusted to have a mean of zero over the common period 1979\u20132003 to allow direct comparison with HOAPS given a zero mean over the 1988-2003 period. ERA values over land are from ERA- 40 prior to 1979 and ERA-Interim thereafter. (Data provided by authors Dai, Bosilovich, Harada, Chelliah, and C. Smith.) | HUM_timeseries_ALL2012.png | |
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| 2012 | 2012 anomaly map blending HadISDH with NOCS2.0 | HUMq_specialanomalymap_2012.png | |
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IPCC Figures
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| AR5 | Figure 2.30: a) Trends in surface specific humidity from HadISDH and NOCS over 1973\u20132012. Trends have been calculated only for those grid boxes with greater than 70% complete records and more than 20% data availability in first and last decile of the period. White areas indicate incomplete or missing data. Black plus signs (+) indicate grid boxes where trends are significant (i.e., a trend of zero lies outside the 90% confidence interval). b) Global annual average anomalies in land surface specific humidity from Dai (2006; red), HadCRUH (Willett et al., 2013; orange), HadISDH (Willett et al., 2013; black), and ERA-Interim (Simmons et al., 2010; blue). Anomalies are relative to the 1979-2003 climatology. | AR5HumidityFigure2_30.png | |
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Further plots and text will appear here over time
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Maintained by: Kate Willett |
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