Space Weather

Space Weather

Space weather describes changing environmental conditions in near-Earth space. Magnetic fields, radiation, particles and matter, which have been ejected from the Sun, can interact with the Earth’s upper atmosphere and surrounding magnetic field to produce a  variety of effects.

Image courtesy of NASA/SDO and the AIA, EVE, and HMI science teams

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Aurora forecasts

Northern Hemisphere

A slightly enhanced solar wind is expected to arrive Saturday, weakly strengthening the auroral oval at times. In addition weak glancing blows from CME's are possible on Sunday 21st and Monday 22nd. With clear skies aurora may be visible across the far north of Scotland at times, perhaps across much of Scotland, during the night time periods from Saturday night onwards.

Southern Hemisphere

A slightly enhanced solar wind is expected to arrive Saturday, weakly strengthening the auroral oval at times. In addition weak glancing blows from CME's are possible on Sunday 21st and Monday 22nd. With clear skies aurora may be visible across high latitudes at times, during the night time periods from Saturday night onwards in the southern hemisphere.

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Forecast overview

Space Weather Forecast Headline: Further Moderate-flares likely and a slight chance of Strong-flares. Slight chance of /Minor Storm conditions day 2 (20 Apr) due to a fast wind from a coronal hole. 

Solar Activity: Activity is currently Moderate. The largest flare was a Moderate flare at 18/0248 UTC from a small region amongst a cluster of sunspot groups in the southeast disc. There are thirteen sunspot regions currently visible on the disc, of which the largest is in the northeast quadrant. The most magnetically complex region lies within the cluster of sunspots located in the southeast of the disc, of which two other groups show moderate to complex magnetic structures. The remaining regions on the visible disc appear generally stable with only slight or no changes through the period.

Several coronal mass ejections have been observed from an area near AR3638 over the past 24 hours. Most of these of the CME's have been analysed, with weak glancing blows possible on 21 or 22 Apr. However, confidence is low regarding this. The most recent CME is yet to be analysed and has the potential for an Earth directed component.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: Solar wind parameters were indicative of very minor CME influence late in the period. Solar winds were mostly slow-ambient, but briefly reached slightly elevated levels. The strength of the solar winds magnetic field was initially moderate, but then quickly dropped to weak levels. The important north-south component, was predominantly positive, and only occasionally fluctuated to become weakly negative. Resultant geomagnetic activity remained Quiet.

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) was at background with no Solar Radiation Storms occurring.

Four-Day Space Weather Forecast Summary

Solar Activity: Moderate activity is forecast with isolated Moderate-class flares expected and a slight chance of isolated Strong flares.

Solar Wind / Geomagnetic Activity: A CME that left the Sun on 15 Apr was expected to give a glancing impact at Earth, and may have arrived as a very weak features late on the 18th. Further CMEs associated with streams of plasma originating from a relatively small sunspot region in the southeast may give some weak transient features towards the end of the forecast period, although confidence is low. Solar winds are currently at normal background speeds. A recurrent coronal hole high-speed stream is expected to become geoeffective on day 3 (20 Apr) likely increasing speeds to slightly elevated or elevated levels, continuing into day 4 (21 Apr), before gradually waning. 

Geomagnetic activity is expected to be mostly Quiet to Unsettled. Activity may increase to occasional reach Active to Minor Storm levels tomorrow (20 Apr) due to the arrival of an enhanced solar wind from a coronal hold feature, and also possibly at times during days 3 and 4 (21st and 22nd) due to a chance of glancing blows from CME's.

Energetic Particles / Solar Radiation: The count rate of energetic particles (high energy protons) is forecast to remain at background with no Solar Radiation storms occurring. 

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Solar imagery

SDO AIA-193

This channel highlights the outer atmosphere of the Sun - called the corona - as well as hot flare plasma. Hot active regions, solar flares, and coronal mass ejections will appear bright here. The dark areas - called coronal holes - are places where very little radiation is emitted, yet are the main source of solar wind particles.

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SDO AIA-304

This channel is especially good at showing areas where cooler dense plumes of plasma (filaments and prominences) are located above the visible surface of the Sun. Many of these features either can't be seen or appear as dark lines in the other channels. The bright areas show places where the plasma has a high density.

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